abstract：:After more than a decade of intensive research, the precise role of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in determining the course of the infection remains open to argument. It is established that HIV-specific CTL appear early in the infection and are temporally associated with the...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Goulder P,Price D,Nowak M,Rowland-Jones S,Phillips R,McMichael A

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Theiler's virus is a picornavirus of mouse which causes an acute encephalomyelitis followed by a persistent infection of the white matter of the spinal cord with chronic inflammation and demyelination. This late disease is studied as a model for multiple sclerosis. Inbred strains of mice differ in their susceptibility...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Monteyne P,Bureau JF,Brahic M

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Resistance to infection with Listeria monocytogenes involves a series of cellular interactions, many of which are carried out by cytokines. Macrophages, NK cells and neutrophils participate in early stages of Listeria resistance. The neutrophil is specially important for clearance of the liver phase of listeriosis. Ma...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Unanue ER

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes (LM) generate protective CD8 cells of varying specificity. One subset, unlike conventional LM-immune CD8 cells, can respond to antigen-presenting cells (APC) treated with heat-killed LM (HKLM). These cells proved to have surprisingly uniform specificity, recognizing a product ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Kurlander R,Nataraj C

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) have the capacity to reconstitute all the blood cells in the body. HSC are rare, representing on average 0.05% of the mononuclear cells present in healthy human bone marrow. Due to their capacity for self-renewal and their pluripotent, long-term reconstituting potential, HSC are consider...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Chen BP,Galy AM,Fraser C,Hill B

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In animals and in humans, T-cell therapy can cure advanced disseminated leukemia that would otherwise be fatal. The therapeutic effect of immune T cells is quantitative. As the dose of effector T cells is increased, survival is proportionately increased. Therefore, effective T-cell therapy is predicated on the ability...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Cheever MA,Chen W

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adoptive transfer of TCR-transgenic T cells uniformly expressing an identifiable TCR of known peptide/MHC specificity can be used to monitor the in vivo behavior of antigen-specific T cells. We have used this system to show that naive T cells are initially activated within the T-cell zones of secondary lymphoid tissue...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Pape KA,Kearney ER,Khoruts A,Mondino A,Merica R,Chen ZM,Ingulli E,White J,Johnson JG,Jenkins MK

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural killer (NK) cells of inbred mice reject allogeneic bone-marrow cells, and NK cells of F1 hybrid mice can reject parental bone-marrow cells (hybrid resistance). In some cases these patterns of rejection can be mimicked in vitro by utilizing IL-2 cultured NK effector cells and allogeneic or parental T-lymphoblas...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： George T,Yu YY,Liu J,Davenport C,Lemieux S,Stoneman E,Mathew PA,Kumar V,Bennett M

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NK cells express receptors for polymorphic MHC class I molecules that inhibit killing of potential target cells bearing appropriate class I allotypes. Here we review the membrane receptors on human NK cells that are known to initiate cell-mediated cytotoxicity and demonstrate regulation of these responses by the kille...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Lanier LL,Corliss B,Phillips JH

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is clear by now that cell-to-cell interactions involving a variety of signals are required for effective immune response. The data reviewed here suggest that CD40-CD40L interactions are critical for development of CD4 T-cell-dependent effector functions. Lack of this important interaction results in greatly reduced...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Grewal IS,Flavell RA

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viruses have often been associated with autoimmune diseases. One mechanism by which self-destruction can be triggered is molecular mimicry. Many examples of cross-reactive immune responses between pathogens and self-antigens have been described. This review presents two transgenic models of autoimmune disease induced ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： von Herrath MG,Evans CF,Horwitz MS,Oldstone MB

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tolerance for self has appeared incomplete for many self antigens. We have obtained experimental evidence that both for self heat shock proteins and T cell receptor V-gene products, reactive T cells are part of the normal immune repertoire. Furthermore, it has become apparent that stimulation of T cell responsiveness ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Van Eden W,Anderton SM,Van Der Zee R,Prakken BJ,Broeren CP,Wauben MH

更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The common cytokine receptor gamma chain (gamma c) plays a critical role in lymphoid development through its participation in the receptors for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15. Absence of gamma c results in abnormal lymphopoiesis and immunodeficiency, as evidence by X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCIDX1)...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Di Santo JP,Kühn R,Müller W

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experiments designed to identify all HLA class I genes led to the cloning of the HLA-G gene (Geraghty et al. 1987). Very low levels of HLA-G mRNA expression have been demonstrated in the eye, thymus, peripheral blood lymphocytes and in keratinocytes (Shukla et al. 1990, Ishitani & Geraghty 1992, Kirszenbaum et al. 199...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Schmidt CM,Orr HT

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the quest for effective immunization against complex diseases such as cancer, parasitic diseases, AIDS, and other viral infections, numerous peptides and recombinant proteins have been synthesized, examined for the ability to induce antibodies and CTLs, and tested for binding capability and therapeutic or prophylac...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Alving CR,Koulchin V,Glenn GM,Rao M

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TCR repertoire studies in RA have yielded conflicting data. These studies were initiated on the premise that clonal expression of T cells at the site of inflammation could serve as a target for immune therapies designed on the basis of the option to inactivate or eliminate the presumed pathogenic T cells. These analys...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Breedveld FC,Struyk L,van Laar JM,Miltenburg AM,de Vries RR,van den Elsen PJ

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:IgG dimers occurring in therapeutic Ig preparations have been characterized as Id-anti-Id, in that the sites of interaction are localized to the distal tips of the Fab arms. The observation that such dimers are prevalent in Ig or Igi.v. prepared from large plasma pools, but absent in preparations from a single individ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Tankersley DL

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The regulation of immunological tolerance is considered from the perspective of contextual discrimination, rather than self-nonself discrimination. According to the adaptive lymphocyte hypothesis, the scale of immune aggression versus tolerance can be regulated at the cell population level, but individual cells also t...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Grossman Z

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to engineer the antibody molecule has now progressed to the stage where one can realistically contemplate creating a pharmacologically useful targeting molecule comprising a single-chain, minimal antibody combining site together with a domain that imparts a second functionality. It will certainly be possib...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Haber E

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recurrence in the V-gene repertoire of individual germline VH genes can now be extended from the restricted B-cell populations of the fetus, autoantibodies and B-cell malignancies to the expressed V-gene repertoire of normal adults. Why the human B cell preferentially utilizes these individual VH genes remains spe...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Stewart AK,Huang C,Long AA,Stollar BD,Schwartz RS

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Work in the SCID-hu system has progressed significantly over the past 3-4 years. Reliable SCID-hu constructs can now be created for the evaluation of long-term multilineage human hematopoiesis, human immune function, and HIV infection of human hematolymphoid organs in vivo. Given these constructs, a variety of therape...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： McCune JM,Péault B,Streeter PR,Rabin L

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experiments with transgenic mice illustrate clonal elimination of T cells specific for antigens expressed appropriately in the thymus, but presence of inducible T cells when the antigen presented on class I MHC antigens is expressed exclusively on non-lymphohemopoietic cells in the periphery (pancreatic beta islet cel...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Zinkernagel RM,Pircher HP,Ohashi P,Oehen S,Odermatt B,Mak T,Arnheiter H,Bürki K,Hengartner H

更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the past several years, we have been studying the circulating TCR gamma delta cells expressed in peripheral lymphoid tissues. Biochemical and molecular characterization of the TCR gamma delta heterodimers present on these TCR gamma delta cells identified 3 TCR gamma proteins, V gamma 2-C gamma 1, V gamma 1.2-C ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Bluestone JA,Cron RQ,Barrett TA,Houlden B,Sperling AI,Dent A,Hedrick S,Rellahan B,Matis LA

更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The preceding paragraphs describe several uses of specific antibodies to IL-1. Standard radioimmunoassays and ELISA procedures were developed with demonstrated utility in studies attempting to quantitate the cytokine in cell culture fluids. In part, antibody-based assays circumvent the problems associated with bioassa...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Gaffney EV,Anderson AE,Pfanenstiel YT,Koch GA

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The general thrust of this volume is to review the roles of accessory cells in regulating T and B lymphocytes. To that end, we have summarized the evidence that indicates the crucial role that Langerhans cells play in the induction and expression of immunity to antigens that gain access to, or arise within, skin. Lang...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Streilein JW,Grammer SF,Yoshikawa T,Demidem A,Vermeer M

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T cells (derived from peripheral blood lymphocytes [PBL], lymph nodes or tumor tissues and restimulated with autologous tumor cells and expanded in interleukin-2 [IL-2]), when cloned, produce three functional classes of clone. Class I T-cell clones exhibit the phenotype of alpha/beta cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD3+, CD8...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Mukherji B,Chakraborty NG,Sivanandham M

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cellular communications between a human CD4+ clone and autologous CD4+ clones induced with the first clone are described. The autoreactive clones proliferated after stimulation with the inducer clone, but not after stimulation with autologous clones expressing irrelevant specificities. The inducer clone markedly l...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Naor D,Essery G,Tarcic N,Kahan M,Lamb JR,Feldmann M

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of vaccines is presently receiving major attention in malaria research. As it is not possible to base malaria vaccines on the use of killed or attenuated organisms, the vaccines which are being developed are subunit vaccines in which the immunogens consist of defined parasite antigens or antigenic frag...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Perlmann H,Perlmann P,Berzins K,Wåhlin B,Troye-Blomberg M,Hagstedt M,Andersson I,Högh B,Petersen E,Björkman A

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In spite of some remarkable progress in our understanding of the immune response to parasites and in the molecular cloning of dozens of genes encoding for potentially protective proteins, no definitive step has yet been made towards operational vaccines against major human parasitic diseases. The reasons for our prese...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Capron A,Dessaint JP

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The surface molecules that mediate activation of different subsets of T or NK cells have been reviewed. A suitable approach to the study of different lymphocyte activation pathways is provided by mAbs specific for these molecules. MAbs directed to the CD3 surface molecules mediate a polyclonal T-cell activation, where...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Moretta A,Ciccone E,Pantaleo G,Tambussi G,Bottino C,Melioli G,Mingari MC,Moretta L

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have discussed some aspects of the structure of the normal immune system, particularly the B-cell compartment. We have argued: that a basic property of the natural antibody repertoire is constituted by high degrees of connectivity within the immune system as well as between the system and other components of the or...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Holmberg D,Andersson A,Carlsson L,Forsgren S

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A detailed analysis of the genes and proteins that participate in the murine immune response to PC has provided key insights at the structural level into the phenomenon of somatic mutation in B cells. Most anti-PC antibodies are encoded by 1 VH gene of the S107 subfamily, and 3 VK genes, VKT15 of the VK22 subfamily, V...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Malipiero UV,Levy NS,Gearhart PJ

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunologists working in the field of autoimmunity tend to concentrate all their efforts on the elucidation of possible malfunctions of the immune system, particularly pathologic changes of immune regulation. Also in the OS model various groups of investigators emphasized this approach, although it was already clear e...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Wick G,Hála K,Wolf H,Ziemiecki A,Sundick RS,Stöffler-Meilicke M,DeBaets M

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The expression of L3T4 and Lyt-2 cell surface molecules separates T cells into two broad, non-overlapping subsets: typical T helper cells are L3T4+ Lyt-2- whereas most T killer cells and their precursors are L3T4- Lyt-2+. This review compares highly purified populations of unprimed L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ cells for their cap...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Sprent J,Schaefer M,Lo D,Korngold R

更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genes encoding several serum complement components and the gene(s) for steroid 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) have been located in the class III region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). All these genes are highly polymorphic in man, and these polymorphisms have been used to draw conclusions about the structure an...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： White PC,New MI,Dupont B

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular analysis of the Class II region of the MHC of mice and of humans has to date led to some important conclusions. These regions encode sizeable families of related loci, at least 2 alpha and 6 beta in mice and 6 alpha and 7 beta in man. In addition to the sizeable number of potential molecules that could b...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Bell JI,Denny DW Jr,McDevitt HO

更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The monoclonal antibody, A2B4-2, specifically bound to and inhibited antigen-induced IL-2 release from the cloned pigeon cytochrome c-specific T cell hybrid, 2B4. The initial immunoprecipitation with these reagents demonstrated a protein of 85-90kd on non-reducing conditions, and two bands of 45-50 and 40-44 on reduci...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Samelson LE,Schwartz RH

更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have discussed four specific models which provide different kinds of information about the requirements for T cell activation. The first utilized a CTL clone designated L3, which is reactive specifically with Ld alloantigen, to study the involvement of the associative recognition structure Lyt-2 in cytolysis. The a...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Lancki DW,Ma DI,Havran WL,Fitch FW

更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human T cell hybridomas were generated by several techniques and the supernatants generated were screened for activity on human B cells. Three general activities were noted; B cell proliferation factor ( BCPF ), B cell differentiation factor (BCDF), and an IgA isotype-specific helper factor. BCPF acts on B cells to in...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Mayer L,Fu SM,Kunkel HG

更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review emphasizes some of the differences between the fate of allogeneic H2-incompatible T-cells, when injected into immunodeficient, T-depleted mice, or as parental cells injected into F1 hybrids. In both conditions, allogeneic cells are eliminated, a rejection which cannot be predicted from the fate of a skin g...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Piguet PF,Vassalli P

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00